Oshie is one of a handful of players born in Washington state to make it to the NHL. He grew up in Everett before moving to Stanwood at the start of high school.

Before his sophomore year, Oshie moved to Minnesota, where his hockey career started to blossom. He won Class A state championships with Warroad High School in 2003 and 2005. In his senior year, Oshie led the state in scoring with 100 points in 31 games, was named to The Associated Press All-State team and was a finalist for Minnesota's Mr. Hockey.

The St. Louis Blues selected Oshie with the No. 24 pick in the 2005 NHL Draft, but he chose to play at the University of North Dakota, where he set a school record and led the NCAA with nine game-winning goals as a freshman. He was named to the Western Collegiate Hockey Association All-Rookie team after a 24-goal, 45-point season and finished his three-year career with 59 goals and 142 points in 128 games.

Oshie made his NHL debut on Oct. 10, 2008, and had his first point three days later. His first NHL goal came on the power play in a 4-3 loss to the Detroit Red Wings on Oct. 22, 2008. He finished eighth in voting for the Calder Trophy after finishing with 39 points (14 goals, 25 assists) in 57 games.

The 5-foot-11, 195-pound forward played seven years in St. Louis, reaching at least 50 points three times and finishing with 310 points (110 goals, 200 assists) in 443 games before he was traded to the Washington Capitals prior to the 2015-16 season.

Oshie had 26 goals, 11 on the power play, helping the Capitals win the 2016 Presidents' Trophy as the NHL's top regular-season team. He enjoyed a breakthrough in the Stanley Cup Playoffs as well, with 10 points (six goals, four assists) in 12 games. He also scored the first playoff overtime goal of his career in Game 1 of the Eastern Conference Second Round against the Pittsburgh Penguins.

Oshie had an NHL career-high 33 goals in 2016-17. He finished 2017-18 with 47 points (18 goals, 29 assists), but excelled in the playoffs, finishing with 21 points (eight goals, 13 assists) in 24 games, including two game-winning goals, to help the Capitals win the Stanley Cup for the first time in their 43-season history. Oshie followed that by scoring 25 goals in 2018-19 and 26 goals in 2019-20.

Oshie played his 1,000th game in the NHL on March 16, 2024, when had one shot on goal in 20:41 of a 2-1 victory against the Vancouver Canucks at Rogers Arena. He was limited to 52 regular-season games because of a chronic back injury and had one assist in Washington's four-game loss to the New York Rangers in the first round. He began 2024-25 on long-term injured reserve, was sidelined that entire season and announced his retirement from the League on June 9, 2025, after 16 seasons, including the final nine with the Capitals.

A proficient shootout scorer, Oshie rose to prominence while playing for the United States at the 2014 Sochi Olympics in a preliminary-round game against Russia. After the initial three rounds of the shootout, Oshie was sent out for the next five rounds and converted four times, including the game-winner. He's also one of a handful of players who've scored on more than 50 percent of their shootout attempts since the NHL adopted the tiebreaker in 2005.